Food Security in Society

Food Security â€Å"There is no sincerer love than the affection for food,† George Bernard Shaw a scholarly pundit once said. His announcement sounds accurate, as food takes care of the elements of society. Nonetheless, not all nations feel the pad of a full dinner every day. Consistently 15 million youngsters bite the dust from hunger. Shortage of food is a plague influencing individuals everywhere throughout the world. Accordingly, food security, the entrance by which all individuals whenever can approach enough nutritious nourishment for a person to have a sound life, is an essential piece of a nations concern.Nigeria is one such nation, in the same way as other others where food security is of high concern. Not, at this point an underdeveloped nation, starting at 2005, Nigeria has been pronounced a working class nation and keeps on creating from that point. In any case, this doesn't make Nigeria excluded from the severity of craving and the deficiency of food. Authoritativ ely named the Federal Republic of Nigeria, Nigeria is a nation situated in West Africa with its outskirts being encircled by Chad, Benin, Cameroon and Niger. Nigeria is the most populated nation in Africa and the seventh generally populated in the whole world.Naturally, with such a high populace the sum and creation of food is a huge worry for the administration. As expressed by Olyeran-Oyeyinkain the book, The Gene Revolution and Global Food Security, â€Å"Agriculture has become a significant supporter of the Nigeria's economy. Representing about 40% of (GDP) and utilizing about 60% of the work force† (Olyeran 117). The fundamental yields that laborers drudge on are as per the following: beans (assortments which incorporate cocoa beans, soy beans) sesame, cashews, cassava, groundnuts, gum arabic, kola nut, corn, melon, millet, palm portions, palm oil, plantains, rice, elastic, Guinea corn, and yams.Because of the a wide range of atmospheres that Nigeria has, it is feasible for it to develop these changing harvests. Be that as it may, agribusiness with bigger measured harvests is certifiably not a typical type of cultivating for the nation. What’s halting bigger creation isn't basic factors, for example, shortage of water or even a suitable atmosphere to prosper in, however it is limited because of low ripeness in the dirt. This prevents numerous harvests from growing. Additionally, absence of development prevents from cultivating on a greater scale too. Domesticated animals is certifiably not a gigantic factor in the nation anymore.Though cultivating isn't as enormous scope as it could be, it has assumed control over the land and made deficient homes for the creatures live in. Overabundance of populace has likewise caused the nations round of elephants, tigers, wild ox, panthers, and other major game to be found in either creature stores or remote wide open territories. The creatures are compelled to discover homes somewhere else. Eland, monkey s and jackals are still more ordinarily far reaching and seen all the more frequently in Nigeria. The greater game might be difficult to get yet the regular animals eaten in Nigeria is as per the following: steers, jackass, duck, geese, goat, chicken, guinea fowls, pigeon, pigs, sheep, and turkey.Meat is a boundless type of nourishment in the nation, however crops are a substantially more typical thing to be feasted upon. Fisheries likewise give a lot of assets for the way of life cooking. Most well known fish life incorporates crab, shrimp, shark and moon fish. With this stated, food security in Nigeria has not been the best throughout the years, with poor cultivating assets and food being re-appropriated, the greater part of the nation has been left eager. In any case, starting at a 2010 food security survey of Nigeria, things have been looking up.After the developing season finished in 2010 food supplies were on the higher side at both family and market levels. In many pieces of northern Nigeria the animals costs and family food hold levels as of January 2010 are at a moderate cost. These two components are key components in deciding food security. This doesn't state that social hardship doesn't in any case downpour preeminent in the nation. Recuperation from a troublesome appetite season for the most part shows a moderate development, anyway in 2010 the craving season had passed by quicker than anticipated due to thee above tended to uncommon costs of domesticated animals and crops.Commonly in Nigeria they redistribute to different nations so as to make a benefit off of their yields. While this gives them an expansion in financial income, it leaves their kin hungry because of absence of nutritious nourishments. This re-appropriating of food is one of the significant reasons for the poor food security that Nigeria has regularly had. Prior to their common war, which happened in 1973, Nigeria was generally independent in worries to nourishments. Be that as it may, after the war, imports and fares of food expanded ten times. Bread is the most widely recognized import, incidentally enough imported from the United States.Major trades incorporate oil, cocoa, corn, sweet potatoes and cotton build up. To make more salary, rather than having an overflow of food, the food is auctions off, leaving the nation short for its residents, hence making for an extremely poor food security. The cash that they at that point make isn't utilized exclusively for taking care of the individuals. In spite of there being a prohibition on sending out a great deal of significant food sources, for example, milk, sugar, and flour, a free horticultural exchange advertise was at last settled in the 1980’s. A subsequent driving reason in the poor food security is the generally happening oil slicks that occur in Nigeria.Nigeria is a huge join forces with the US, as it imports a great deal of the United States oil to the nation. The Delta locale of Nigeria is the territory that is hit hardest by these oil slicks. The Department of Petroleum Resources evaluated 1. 89 million barrels of oil were spilled into the Delta somewhere in the range of 1976 and 1996 out of the aggregate of 2. 4 million barrels between these year sections. Tidy up was moderate and waste administration of the slime from ongoing oil slick mishaps, just as from the ones recently expressed, is as yet a significant worry for financial expenses. A mediation plan is workable for the nation of Nigeria.The Nigerian government has endorsed a few strategies and attempted various strides so as to help improve food security in Nigeria. These plans incorporate the accompanying: the National Plan of Action for Food and Nutrition, Primary Health Care Approach, Catchments Area Planning and Action, Gender Informed Nutrition and Agriculture, and National Special Program on Food Security. Government in Nigeria’s fundamental spotlight anyway is on their strategy entitled â€Å"Food and Nutrition Policy for Nigeria. † This approach was instituted in 2002 and sets explicit objectives to be met.These incorporate the decrease of ailing health among youngsters under five by in any event 30% by 2010, and decrease of micronutrient inadequacies. The principle micronutrient lack concern being with nutrient An, iodine and iron. Their expectations were to bring down this by half constantly 2010 also. Absence of information and innovation is a primary impediment to any strategies and activities set out by the Nigerian government. With every one of these plans being investigated, trusts are that Nigeria can lessen the number of inhabitants in hungry significantly more in the up and coming years. Be that as it may, if soil research isn't picked up into settling these issues, setting orth approaches might be futile if there is no activity to back them up. Works Cited Department of Petroleum Resources. 2009. 20 11 2009. Akinyele, Isaac. Worldwide Food Policy and Researc h Institute. Garki, Abuja Nigeria. 2010. 20 11 2011. Countries Encyclopedia. 2011. 20 11 2009. Olyeran-Oyeyinka, Banji Gehl Sampath, Padmashee. The Gene Revolution and Global Food Security. Palgrave Macmillan. Basingtoke Hampshire, GBR. 11 2009. 20 11 2011. 117. Think Exist. 1999. 20 11 2009. Think Quest. 20 11 2009. US Department of Agriculture-Food and Nutrition. Alexandria, VA. 20 11 2011. USAID. 1 2011. 20 11 2009.

A Formal Application Essay Example For Students

A Formal Application Essay The Ambiguity of DeathSince the making of man, certain basic desires have been engraved into the people mind. Out of a large number of those the intuition of death is incorporated, likely originating from the need of slaughtering to acquire ones food. The sense of death remains today and has been changed, adjusted, smothered and exemplified. In A Formal Application the unexpected hypothesis of applying passing as a lifestyle is depicted through a keeps an eye on demonstration of executing a winged creature. The sonnet courses through the work on, arranging and execution of a typical winged animal. The peak of the sonnet comes when he alludes to his demonstration of viciousness as an Audubon Crucifix. Through different models in history he approves this pointless cross. A Formal Application rejoins mankind by deifying the significance of death. The structure of the sonnet is isolated into three segments containing three refrains each. There is no clear rhyme conspire making it a free refrain and exposition piece. The setting is outside, probably near the speakers house, and encompassed by timberland and untamed life. It happens in the mid 1900s and most likely in the spring-time. This piece is assembled of nine triplets isolated into three areas. The primary segment of three triplets begins with the speaker sharpening his blade tossing abilities. In the main segment the speaker begins his preparation. By this training he naturally discloses to us that he needs for this activity to happen perfectly.By consummating his abilities he affirms to us the significance of this demonstration to him. In the main refrain he starts to figure out how to exact torment with his blade by tossing it. He forms a kitchen utensil into a lethal weapon by upgrading his tossing abilities. The subsequent verse shows his movement from simply tossing the blade, to hitting an objective. The last refrain includes him focusing on a moving item. This shows he will incur hurt on a living thing with his weapon of decision With his methods for weaponry characterized we learn he despite everything needs a moving objective as well as a living one. The following area of triplets means his arranging and tempting of his prey. In the main refrain he begins to weave his exercise of double dealing by showing the winged creatures. By fooling the winged creatures into intuition he is a wellspring of food, he picks up the important component of shock he requirements for his later execution. The second and the third verse the speaker focuses on picking up the trust and certainty of the winged animals by tricking them with bread pieces. With his preys certainty picked up he is prepared to strike. The creators knowledge is spotted all through the last three refrains. At first, he states I will organize adapted reflex. This is the primary sign of his thinking behind this unmitigated negligence of living things. By building up his educated attribute of slaughtering he presently feels he has qualified as the Modern Man. The subsequent refrain offers a peculiar portrayal of the homicide. At that point the speaker affirms his captivation by picking up prevalence through death by naming this murdering the Audubon Crucifix. This name contains the word cross in light of the fact that, as indicated by the prevalent view, the main passing that carried life to this world was when Jesus Christ was killed. Strict undertones are associated with the name in light of the fact that by supporting and approving his rough demonstration he can feel like a Modern Man. In the third verse he goes significantly further trying to relate his to some degree little scope execute to the couple of significa nt butchers of our history. Initially, with the word devout he again identifies with religion by alluding to his title as sacred. At that point he includes three instances of emotional viciousness. The first is Arbeit Macht Frei, an amusing adage for the holocaust importance work brings opportunity. In the inhumane imprisonments detainees were worked so brutaly, practically every one of them kicked the bucket, along these lines demise becomes opportunity. This thought bolsters the speakers utilization of life by saying passing is the main opportunity and by executing you are enabled to allow that opportunity. The last two models are the Enola Gay and the Molotov Cocktail. The Enloa Gay is the plane that dropped the nuclear bomb on Japan. This again relates probably the best slaughter throughout the entire existence of the world to his negligible insubordinate savagery. .u18814206c58317b754be5d272ca27da6 , .u18814206c58317b754be5d272ca27da6 .postImageUrl , .u18814206c58317b754be5d272ca27da6 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u18814206c58317b754be5d272ca27da6 , .u18814206c58317b754be5d272ca27da6:hover , .u18814206c58317b754be5d272ca27da6:visited , .u18814206c58317b754be5d272ca27da6:active { border:0!important; } .u18814206c58317b754be5d272ca27da6 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u18814206c58317b754be5d272ca27da6 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u18814206c58317b754be5d272ca27da6:active , .u18814206c58317b754be5d272ca27da6:hover { murkiness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u18814206c58317b754be5d272ca27da6 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u18814206c58317b754be5d272ca27da6 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .u18814206c58317b754be5d272ca27da6 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u18814206c58317b754be5d272ca27da6 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enhancement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u18814206c58317b754be5d272ca27da6:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u18814206c58317 b754be5d272ca27da6 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u18814206c58317b754be5d272ca27da6-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u18814206c58317b754be5d272ca27da6:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Technology and custom curriculum EssayThrough the speakers vicious activities he feels better than others in spite of his defenses being substantially more critical then his own demonstration. He makes a Catch 22 by approving his Audubon Crucifix with the absolute most noteworthy killings on the planet. The speaker undoubtedly needs to encounter a greater amount of this force which supports keeps an eye on basic inclination for prevalence. A portion of humankind, including the speaker, can feel prevalence through the profaning of others. At the point when these individuals execute, they feel a definitive force. The basic conundru m all through the sonnet is life originates from death and passing is important to life.Death is simply one more conventional utilization of life.

A Boring Friday Night (guest post by Nina L. 19)

A Boring Friday Night (guest post by Nina L. ‘19) Last Friday night I came home from lab, took off my jewelry, wondered what to do with myself, and fell asleep on the couch. There are a lot of Friday nights like this, and a lot of Fridays spent studying or coding. Many of us have big adventures and exciting weeks, and I do too, but most adventures are smaller ventures, and lots of evenings, especially as we settle into the semester, are exciting in smaller ways. The rest of this post is by Nina L. ‘19, about her Friday night. Tonight Lujan and I went to Harvard Square to get Dominos. We had decided we needed to get away. The semester is starting to heat up and being off P/NR is mildly terrifying. I had a shadow today and Lujan met me at Building 26 and we talked to her and her dad about why we had chosen MIT a bit. We departed and hung out in Lujan’s room at EC. His roommate moved out to another dorm so he has a single now and it’s pretty huge. I low-key hate him. “Eric” (because Lujan is someone who can’t decide if he should go by his first or last name), I said as I swung back and forth on his hammock, “I have a 6.004 lab and quiz to study for, a thing for my UROP I don’t know how to code, and an essay due Tuesday. Why do I always screw my weekends over?” “Honey, I wish I knew.” We ordered the pizza and hopped on the T. We talked about life. We laughed and had those heavy moments of rocks in our throats and chests. “Life sure does suck sometimes.” “Yea.” It was $6 for a large, two topping pizza. We got bacon and sausage and ate the whole thing. We were going to take it back to campus, but we ended up eating it there because we were too cold. “Do people eat at Domino’s?” Eric mused, “Like is this a thing that happens in real life?” The photos of stock models posed with various pizza and cinnamon sticks displayed were pretty creepy. I don’t blame him for being dubious. We talked more. About tour guiding and spring break plans and summer and movies and how weird college really is. “Someday we’re gonna have it figured out.” I said, “Come senior year we’re going to have it figured out, right?” “That’s what we’ll keep believing.” Eric asked about my love life and I laughed. We both haven’t been doing great in that department, so it’s nice to have a single friend to laugh about it over. “Have you ever looked at a Domino’s box? Do people do that?” he asked, flipping it around in his hand. “This thing has a patent,” he said, “A patent.” We talked about other pizza box designs, because we’re nerds. The air was cold and fresh. We chose to walk back to campus. Central Square was lit up and alive. We stopped at Starbucks and I tried a butterscotch Frappuccino. It was actually pretty good, not gonna lie. “Eric,” I said, “I think we just lost all of our hipster points.” “We had hipster points?” We parted at Main St where he walked back to EC and I walked back to MacGregor, where I pecked at work in my room and hung out with J Entry. I didn’t do laundry, though. I really need to. But half of my essay is written and I watched some videos about what I’m trying to code tonight. I know, my Friday night is pretty lame. I have a lot to do this weekend, but I feel more on top of things this semester. I’m going to the library tomorrow with some friends to work on 6.004 and my UROP code. I spent a lot of time in MacGregor last weekend because of how cold it was and I’m going stir crazy. Tomorrow we’re having a study break for the potential GRTs. I can’t wait to play poker and meet them. I know this weird account of my life is probably boring but…I think it’s important to see the highs and lows and in betweens here. Anyways, I have an early morning tomorrow, so I’m off to bed. Here’s to a (hopefully) productive weekend.

Immigration Restrictions Essay - 930 Words

Total inhalation of immigration would not be a healthy choice for the United States. However, setting out for stricter laws to become a citizen is in need. There are over 11.7 million illegal immigrants in the United States (poll 2011). Therefore, having restrictions on immigration overall can help the economy grow, security at airports, docs, borders, and on the streets would not only lessen the illegal immigrants around the country, but supply more jobs for Americans. Illegal immigrants not only live in the U.S, but are supplied jobs in which were made for American workers. Naturalization Act of 1870: Control Naturalization Process and penalization of fraudulent practices. The Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) allowed the U.S. to suspend†¦show more content†¦(R. Stell) This is to help bring jobs back to the Americans and crack down on illegal immigrants. The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) of 1952 brought all the various immigration laws together in one organized act. In 2009, out of all immigrant households, legal and illegal, with children (under 18) 57 percent used at least one welfare program, compared native households with children that came in about 39 percent. Fifty-two percent of households with children headed by legal immigrants were estimated to used at least one welfare program in 2009, compared to 71 percent for illegal immigrant households with children. Illegal immigrants generally receive benefits on behalf of their U.S.-born children. Due to low education levels more than half of the working immigrant households with children still accessed the welfare system during 2009 (Camarota). Cutting down on the amount of immigrants into the country can help to increase benefits for American citizens. This includes but is not limited to: food assistance, Medicaid, cash assistance, and public and subsidized housing. Security purposes would decrease the amount of unidentified immigrants. In 2011, ICE removed more than 396,000 individuals. 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What Does 5th Grade Persuasive Essay Topics Mean?

What Does 5th Grade Persuasive Essay Topics Mean? The 5th Grade Persuasive Essay Topics Game There are various sorts. The writers ought to be able to stick to the directions given in order to avoid revisions and make sure the clients are fulfilled by the quality of work. As you read each post, underline parts that provide you ideas you may use to support various pieces of your paper. Our customer support will gladly tell you whether there are any special offers at the present time, and make sure you are getting the very best service our company may deliver. The Basics of 5th Grade Persuasive Essay Topics Generalizations Avoiding general statements or generalizations is a significant tool to generate a potent statement. Present a Simile or Metaphor Similes and metaphors are some of the the most effective linguistic devices out there. Expository writing's major goal is to explain. High school and elementary students will need to discover the advantages of a healthful diet and learn about foods that support this diet program. Many debate what a suitable age to get a cellphone is. Technology or social networking topics are something which everyone wishes to investigate because so a lot of us are concerned about our own use of phone and societal media. Even children are getting to be obese and developing type two diabetes. The Number One Question You Must Ask for 5th Grade Persuasive Essay Topics Moreover, the business should have experienced speech writers in order to have the ability to provide persuasive speech. As an example, writers who have less one year experience may not have the ability to provide persuasive speech. Your audience ought to be able to fix the issue. Addressing the proper audience is critical. What 5th Grade Persuasive Essay Topics Is - and What it Is Not Although having the ability to write persuasively can look like a challenging thing for children to learn, remind them that everyone has valid opinions. You've got no clue where to get started. Don't hesitate to be creative, but don't forget to directly handle the question you've been asked! The question could possibly be part of your introduction, or it may make a terrific title. How to Choose 5th Grade Persuasive Essay Topics Still, online courses aren't the solution. For example, the students find it difficult to choose the most suitable topic. On the flip side, writers who have over five years experience are ready to opt for the very best topic and develop it in line with the needs of the customer. Understanding how to choose and prepare healthful and nutritious food is a really important skill in life. The most important point of having you compose the essay is to find out how much you understand about what you're being taught in class. The experience the writers have determines the sort of work they're ready to offer you. The very truth that continuation schools exist proves the point that numerous children simply cannot cope with th e demands of homework or other facets of normal school. There's a rotation at school, and it's your decision and your class to produce a lunch menu for the week. Over the duration of the calendar year, the student takes 8 unique classes. The school day ought to be shorter. You might have to compose such an essay for one of your classes apart from English. Sociology essays handle the study of human social behavior in a society, therefore, it is quite interesting for the students who want to know more about human psyche but boring for people who don't like studying their species. These topics aren't suggested for middle school students. Just like any students, the ideal essay topics are the ones that relate to the kids. When it is argumentative or informative essays, you must develop a topic that may grab the interest of the reader very quickly and this isn't such an easy job. Most issues can have essays on all the above mentioned questions. Persuasive essays are a fantastic method to encourage the reader to check at a particular topic in a different light. Writing and essay is an excellent method to talk about your own ideas with different individuals. If you're going to compose an interesting, unique essay, you will have to do research. Think about your essay's thesis for a promise to your audience about what type of analysis you've made for the books and allow it to be specific. To begin with, you may want to take a look at my list of 150 topic tips for essays that explain. PaperCoach can assist you with all your papers, so take a look at the moment!

Television and Cultural Change Free Essays

Television and Cultural Change Research Paper: 1. Introduction Once considered a complete luxury for a family to own, the television has become a stable fixture in British and American households over the past few decades. In recent years, it has become unusual for a family not to own a television set and now it is just as uncommon for a family to own just one. We will write a custom essay sample on Television and Cultural Change or any similar topic only for you Order Now In Britain, the years spanning from 1955 to 1969 saw an increase from 40 percent to 93 per cent of the population owning a television set (Silverstone, 1994, p. 67). Television or â€Å"TV† has become a prominent source for news and entertainment for billions of people around the world. For this, among other reasons, the concept of TV and its content has been the subject of much academic discourse and controversy. A lot of this discourse focuses on the ways television affects changes in societies’ behaviour and culture. This is visible via various scholarly communities. For example, up until 1982, psychologists had conducted over 2000 studies regarding the imitation of violence in the mass media. Economists and market researchers have performed similar types of empirical studies regarding imitation and suggestion in advertising (Bollen and Phillips, 1982, p. 802). This paper will combine findings of similar studies in an aim to examine the way television both mediates and contributes to cultural shifts in societies, particularly in Britain and the United States of America. 2. The Interplay of Institutions, Markets and Audiences Television drama, news, factual programming and the transformation of public service broadcasting have all played a huge role in the development of British and American society and cultural change. These changes currently present themselves through communications held between institutions, markets, and audiences. For instance, the consideration of an audience as a market instead of as the public by all types of institutions is the source for much controversy and debate (Walter, 2000, p. 67). This point will be further touched upon when discussing pubic service broadcasting and market-led broadcasting but first we must grasp a general understanding of cultural response to television as media. 3. Positive and Negative Response in Society The communications that develop can be positive, in the case of an increase in democratic involvement or participation in the community but it can be also be negative, in the case of controversial programming, which can arguably contribute to the loss of a child’s innocence and even impair one’s ability to develop critical thinking skills. According to Bernard Berelson, a prominent American behavioural scientist, those with the greatest mass media exposure are much more likely to know a candidate’s stance on various issues (McCombs and Shaw, 1972, p. 77). On the contrary, Kenneth Bollen and David Phillips reported a prime example of how news can lead to a negative change in a society. A study that was performed and then replicated for a different time period showed that suicides had increased immediately following (10 days proceeding) a news report of a suicide in the surrounding region (1982). In order to ensure that changes are beneficial and that they contribu te to the greater good of people, in this case in Britain and the U. S. A, studies such as this one must be produced and analysed. The study should offer insights, convey patterns, and report facts that can be applied in a practical way. As in the aforementioned case, it is evident that those who produce media have a responsibility for what they produce, whether it is fiction or fact. If watching a news report can incite someone to act on something as extreme as the contemplation of suicide, it may very well do the same for matters of a different nature 4. Public Service Broadcasting and the Free Market When television was invented, it altered all preceding media of news and entertainment as well as many of our institutions and forms of social relationships (Williams and Williams, 1992). In the public service broadcasting system, the consensus was that television media should be used for the good of the public and that access is guaranteed for all citizens (Walter, 2000, p. 67). Instead, private profit and gain enforced by market-led broadcasting, has compromised the idea of equality in terms of ability to receive information. This dissipation of equality stems from the differences in the general understanding of the roles that broadcasting plays (Walter, 2000, p63). The role that public service broadcasting plays is relevant today even with the new communication technologies of cable and satellite as the former provides quality programming which aims to raise cultural standards and provide a forum for democratic discussion and debate while the latter provides choice merely through exclusion, predicated by the ability of the consumer to pay for the additional services provided (Walter, 2000, p. 4). The Protocol to the Amsterdam Treaty dated June 1997 on public service broadcasting states â€Å"the system of public service broadcasting†¦is directly related to the democratic, social and cultural needs of each society†¦ to preserve media pluralism†, and it is in itself the reason why PSB is still relevant today, even for those states who did not sign on this treaty. 5. Understanding and Criti quing News Programming If one should ever listen in on a families’ after dinner conversation, one could often hear a parent commanding his or her offspring to â€Å"Turn that junk off! or questioning them as to â€Å"Why don’t you watch something educational instead? † and other comments of similar nature. The non-junk and educational content they are often referring to is factual programming such as the news. However, even with something as objective as the news there are still a few elements that one should consider when determining its quality and contribution to the viewing audience, as the point of contact between the people, events and politics. The objectivity of a news report should always be considered, just as the bias in a study or an experiment is considered in scientific communities. Many networks, even those provided through PSB, often have agendas and side with a political group. Furthermore, news stations are often pressured to deliver information that will grasp the attention of the viewer foremost, with the achievement of a quality report being a secondary goal. Considering factors such as the frequency and threshold of reported events can help in one’s appraisal. To exemplify the former, one can reflect on a news program dealing with the economic status of the country. If it focuses on temporary events that will not re-occur and do not help draw a picture of the economy as a whole, it is not a quality report. As for threshold, for instance, after the murder of John Lennon, events, which would normally not be considered newsworthy, received more coverage than they should have due to the public’s demand for therapy (Hartley, 1992, p. 76). A rule of thumb for news reporters is that bad news is good news (Hartley, 1992, pg. 76). However, as mentioned in a previous section of this report, empirical evidence shows that this is definitely not he case for the audience, considering the outcome suicide reports have on the subjected audiences behavioral changes. 6. Conclusions 6. 1. The Effects of Television on Society Television has many supporters and critics alike. Some argue that it brings people closer and some maintain that it can cause a divide in a community or even in a family. The way that one comes to these conclusions is by drawing question s such as the following. Do those who are not entitled to as much information due to economic reasons going to feel excluded and unworthy? Does media, such as television, contribute to a decrease of peoples’ participation in politics, the social environment and traditional leisure programs? Does locally produced programming strengthen the local community? These questions, among many others , should be answered in a proper analysis of television’s effect on people. Because those who are raised within a society develop and contribute that society’s culture more, it is vital to pay attention to its younger population. 6. 2. The Effects of Television on Young People Young people, in particular, have very malleable minds and are greatly affected by the things they see on television. In Sonia Silverstone’s Young People and the New Media, this phenomenon is thoroughly examined (1994). In this article, Silverstone reports of a British team of researchers who posed these types of questions in the form of survey questionnaire and interviews. The subjects ranged in age, gender and social and educational backgrounds in hopes of correlating media usage and effect across different segments of population. Findings showed that although television is considered an adequate source of information, it is also used to fill in the boring gaps of a child’s life. Television has the ability to shape a child’s emotions and it has effects on family life (Silverstone, 1994, p. 64, p. 68). 6. 3. The Effects of Television on the Domestic Space A crucial position in which TV has affected society can be viewed from within the domestic space. The television set has visibly transformed domestic arrangements over the years. In prior times, only the wealthy homes had a set in the family room. In more recent years, television has overtaken individual space as well, allowing for less family communication, a pattern which is now repeating itself with personal computers. Domestic time was also affected as television-viewing time has gradually increased over the years, once again allowing for less family time and communication. An outstanding statistic shows that at one point, Europe’s highest television viewing times belonged to the British population aged 9-16 (Silverstone, 1994, p. 69). In the same year, every age group from 10-16 years old reportedly preferred to watch TV alone as opposed to with friends, siblings, parents or anyone else (Livingstone, 1994). 6. 4. Representation of Reality Our perceptions of reality have been transformed by contemporary celebrity culture via television. The role played by television is that of reinforcement for both the state (which, today can be any figure appearing on a network) and the citizen (the audience). The validation that is provided serves as a means of centralised opinions and styles of behaviour (Williams and Williams, 1992). This is why anxieties about ‘dumbing down’ are in fact legitimate. Let us take an actor who believes that which is not presented in his character on his daytime drama. The audience who views this actor/ actress may adopt to a notion, feeling or belief portrayed by the character, in turn validating the actor/ actress himself of a new belief system, one that he/ she had not previously considered. Should this belief system be one, deemed by professional opinions and the general public, of bad taste, it would mean that this is not quality television, and it does not produce a good quality of change for the general public as a culture. How to cite Television and Cultural Change, Essay examples

Is Hip Hop Dead free essay sample

I can still recall the first hip hop album I listened to. It was Reasonable Doubt by Jay Z. I remember how I instantly fell in love with the lyrics. I hadnt heard anything like it before, primarily because I only listened to R and some watered down rap music. The lyrics were hard hitting. They meant something. I could his hunger through the speakers as he rapped his song entitled Can I Live which said Well we hustle out of a sense of, hopelessness/Sort of a desperation/Through that aspiration, we come addicted/Sorts like the fiends we accustomed to serving (3-6). I also remember how my older brother looked at me like I was an idiot because I was listening to an album that had come out in 1996, in 2001. He didnt quite understand the difference between rap and hip hop music; but saw the difference right away. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Hip Hop Dead or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hip hop means something. Rap Is just a good beat to dance to.On that day, I fell In love with hip hop. It seems as if I was introduced into the entire hip hop culture at the same time. I began to listen too lot more of the music and pay a lot more attention to the fashion and history of this culture. It was like the music was the gateway to the culture. Thats why when Nas said that hip hop was dead, I totally understood what he meant. The lyrics of one of Anas singles say Everybody sound the same, commercialism the game / Reminiscent when it wasnt all business / They forgot where It started / So we all gather here for the dearly departed. Nas took the statement even further by naming his entire album Hip Hop Is Dead. This small statement stirred up a lot of controversy. Although his claim was long awaited by mom, it had come as a surprise to others. Some perceived it as Just another one of the many shots to the up and coming (more specifically southern) rappers. Others took it as a warning to the entire Industry. However, a few people took the statement literally and were in total agreement. No matter what the perception or stand on the debate, everyone agrees that todays rap music lacks the substance that It used to.We are all in agreement that most of the music has become nothing more than a testimony to how much money you have, how many women youve had sex with, how any kilos of coke youve sold, and how many people youve killed in the process. Even with hip hop in such a predicament, some people still feel that hip hop is alive and very well. Michael Eric Tyson for one thinks that the statement was made with the sole purpose of Jump starting the culture. In an article by Charlatans Margin, Tyson was quoted saying, If he thought it was literally dead, [Nas] couldnt be making a hip hop album. (Christian, 55). In his article entitled, Hip Hop is Alive And Vital Tyson argues that hip hop is indeed alive. He says that The most powerful sign hat hip-hop culture is alive, [is the] withering critique from within about the industry. What is meant Is that hip hop isnt dead because they, as artists, are able to see and understand what the problem Is and make changes to better the situation moved from the mean streets of the South Bronx to the dirt roads of the south. Ludicrous wore a t-shirt to a recent award show saying Hip Hop didnt die it moved to the south.Southern rappers have always been the underdogs, overlooked and disrespected. They have also always been the face of change. In the early sasss it was Outcast and Surface, now it Ludicrous and T. . These southern rappers which also include artists like Soul Boy Teller and Webb feel as if their music is Just as good as Nas and Jay Z, and should be respected as such. On the other hand, there are those who do believe that hip hop has died. Kevin Powell states in his article, titled Hip Hop Culture Has Been Murdered that Hip Hop culture has been assassinated by hip hop industry desire to make money by any means necessary. (61) Some rappers today dont have the love for the music anymore. Hip hop has become Just another side hustle. As a result the music has been stripped of TTS substance. Now all that is left is what the record companies think they can market: money, sex and drugs. In the article, Kevin Powell stresses that it isnt only the rappers and record labels faults. Hip Hops blood is also on the hands of the media, including television, radio and magazines because they push these images with no conscience whatsoever (61).Kevin Powell and people who stand behind this viewpoint feel that it is okay to rap about your hardships. If you sold drugs and have been to Jail, thats your experience. They feel that its okay to write about that. However, when the experiences you speak about becomes commercialese for global consumption, without any balance, nor any conceptualization. problems arise because these experiences are now being glorified as if selling drugs and going to Jail is cool rather than being a last resort for some people who have no choice but to live that life (61).My opinion falls in the middle of these two extremes. No, hip hop isnt dead. We still have a few hip hop artists that continue to hold hip hop together. Masc. like Kenya West, Common, Taliban Swell, and Lope Fiasco are still the epitome of the hip hop culture, from their swag to their rhymes. They are still very conscious rappers. Although they rap about a few of the same things that their counterparts speak about, they still rap about things that people need to hear.For example, in one of Kenya Wests most recent songs he discusses how some people make murder look and sound like its okay, saying Chicago had over 600 caskets/man, killings some wacko sit/oh, I forgot, kept for when enigmas is rapping (8-10). However, before we can say that hip hop is alive and vital we must look at the most popular rappers in hip hop right now. Rappers like Boogie and Webb are stabbing hip hop to death. Rappers like them think that they can say whatever they want, Just as long as the beat in the background is good.The chorus of one Webbings song says nothing but these three words: Come here bitchy; however because the beat behind the music is, honestly, awesome, females may even listen to the song. This means although some of the fault lies with the rappers a lot lies with the consumers of hip hop music. Rappers make what the fans want to hear. So, consumers have as much say so as the artists, the record labels, and the media. If they dont listen to the music, rappers and record labels would have no choice but to reduce different types of songs.In turn the media will have no choice but to push I see hip hop today like a person with cancer, but in the early stages. The up and coming rappers, the record label, and the media are all like the abnormal blood cells. Theyre the cause of the problem. They are the reason hip hop is ill (and not in a good way). True hip hop lovers and true hip hop artists are the treatment. It seems like right now, we dont have enough treatment for hip hop to survive. The masses have become accustomed, almost addicted, to this unhealthy form of rap music. The music needs to change and fast.

6 Things Recruiters Wish Job Seekers Knew

6 Things Recruiters Wish Job Seekers Knew Working with recruiters can be an extremely beneficial way to find a new job–they often have connections and access to opportunities not available to the general public. Based on their relationships with hiring managers, recruiters  can also get your foot in the door for positions otherwise  difficult to break into on your own. They’re in the know and have seen it all–consider them job-seeking experts. The team at ResumeSpice, a resume writing and career coaching service developed by recruiters, has put together a list of six things recruiters wish job seekers knew. Save yourself a lot of time and rejection by taking this expert advice to heart.Be specific about what you want.Recruiters are professional matchmakers. They take your criteria for in a position and match you with the position that best fits your needs. For example, while saying you want to find a project management role is a good starting point, saying you want a project management role for an oi l and gas company, that you’re interested in global projects, and that you would consider expatriate work is a better way to go.It may be counterintuitive, but an attempt to appear â€Å"flexible† could be interpreted as unfocused. Recruiters will have a better sense of where to start if they’re not left guessing for details.You don’t have to email them every day.Recruiters love making a matches between employers and candidates. It’s the basis of their entire job, so a good recruiter will keep you in the loop on where you stand and will provide updates as they arise. It’s not necessary for candidates to call or email every day. Most recruiters will recommend a weekly or bi-weekly email for temporary assignments and every 2-3 weeks for direct hire positions.Don’t take rejection personally.You win some, you lose some. Roll with the punches. Tomorrow’s another day. While we’re all familiar with those adages, being rejected is still never easy. A recruiter can do everything they can to try to convince a hiring manager that you’re the perfect for a role–but at the end of the day, the employer makes the decision and sometimes they don’t tell the recruiter why. It’s best to move on and focus your effort on the next role.Have an updated and ready-to-submit resume.The demise of the resume has been severely overstated. Always have one at the ready. Recruiters will typically offer insight on how you can tighten your resume, but actually reformatting and rewriting your resume is up to you. If you need help strengthening your resume, a professional resume writing service may be the best route to take.Be on your best behavior.Companies pay recruiting and staffing agencies to find their most skilled talent, so always treat recruiters as you would any employer. They understand that you may be frustrated as you look for a job and most are happy to lend advice during a difficult job searc h, but it’s never a good idea to vent your frustrations at a recruiter. Treat them poorly and they’re unlikely to present you to their clients.There’s on time and there’s way too early.Because you want to impress a recruiter, it’s natural to want to arrive promptly for your scheduled meeting. However, there’s a fine line between arriving early and arriving on time. A good rule to follow is to not to check in more than 10 minutes before your scheduled time. Sure, arrive early so that you’re not rushed and panicked when you walk in the door, but respect that most recruiters are not going to be able to see you thirty minutes before your scheduled meeting.This is certainly not a comprehensive list of everything recruiters wish you knew, but it should help ensure you’re on the proper path to success when it comes to keeping a great relationship with your recruiter.Savannah Ober is a resume writer and career consultant at ResumeSpice . In addition to being a resume expert, Savannah is also an experienced corporate communications professional, working with one of the world’s largest global companies. Savannah has written recruiting advertisements for trade publications, created marketing collateral, written press releases and blogs, and developed social media content. Savannah holds a BA in English, creative writing.

10 Ways Identity Thieves Can Get Your Information

10 Ways Identity Thieves Can Get Your Information Identity theft is when someone fraudulently uses your personal information, such as your name, date of birth, Social Security number, and address, for their financial gain. These uses might include  to obtain credit, get a loan, open a bank, or a credit card account or obtain an I.D. card. If you become  the victim of identity theft, chances are it will cause severe damage to your finances and your good name, especially if you do not find out about it immediately. Even if you catch it quickly, you can spend months and thousands of dollars trying to repair the damage done to your credit rating. You can even find yourself accused of a crime you did not commit because someone used your personal information to perpetrate the crime in your name. Consequently, it is vital in todays electronic age to protect your information as best you can. Unfortunately, there are thieves out there just waiting for you to make a mistake or get careless. There are different ways that identity thieves go about stealing the personal information of others. Here are the most common methods used by identity thieves and ways for you to avoid becoming their victim. Dumpster Diving Dumpster diving is when someone  goes through trash looking for personal information that can be used for identity theft purposes. Identity thieves look for credit card bills, bank statements, medical bills and insurance, and old financial forms such as old tax forms. Stealing Your Mail Identity thieves will often target a person and steal mail directly from their mailbox. Thieves will also have all of the mail redirected through a change of address request made at the post office. The identity thieves are looking for bank statements, credit card bills, tax information, medical information, and personal checks. Stealing Your Wallet or Purse Identity thieves thrive by illegally obtaining personal information from others, and what better place to get it but from a purse or a wallet. A drivers license, credit cards, debit cards, and bank deposit slip, are like gold to identity thieves. You Are a Winner! Identity thieves use the temptation of prize winnings to lure people into giving them their personal and credit card information over the phone. The identity thief will tell the person that they have won a contest for a free vacation or some grand gift, but that they need to verify personal information, including their date of birth,  to prove they are over 18-years-of-age. They will explain that the vacation is free, except for the sales tax, and ask for the winner to provide them with a credit card. They usually make it sound like a decision must be made immediately, or the person will lose the prize. Skimming Debit or Credit Card Numbers Skimming is when thieves use a data storage device to capture the information from the magnetic strip of the credit, debit or ATM card at an ATM or during an actual purchase.   When skimming from an ATM, thieves will attach card readers (called skimmers) over the real terminal card reader and harvest data from every card that is swiped. Some thieves place a fake PIN pad over the real one to capture victims PINs (personal  identification  numbers) as they enter it. Another common way to do this is by installing tiny cameras to capture the PIN entered on the number pad. Shoulder surfing, which is when a person reads over the shoulder of the card user, is also a common way to obtain personal identification numbers. Once the thief has returned to the ATM and collected the file of stolen information, they can log into an ATM and steal money from the harvested accounts. Other thieves clone the credit cards to sell or for personal use. Skimming  can occur anytime someone with a digital card reader gains access to your credit or debit cards. It can be done easily  when the card is surrendered, such as in restaurants where it common practice for a waiter to take the card to another area to swipe it. Phishing Phishing is a scam in which the identity thief sends an email falsely claiming to be from a legitimate organization, government agency or bank, to lure the victim into surrendering personal information such as a  bank account number, credit card number or passwords. Often the email will send victims to a phony website that is designed to look like the real business or government agency. eBay, PayPal, and MSN are regularly used in phishing scams. ​Obtaining Your Credit Report Some identity thieves will obtain a copy of your credit report by posing as your employer or rental agent. This will give them access to your credit history including your credit cards numbers and loan information. Business Records Theft Business records theft involves the theft of files, hacking into electronic files or bribing an employee for access to files at a business. Identity thieves will sometimes go  through the trash of a business to get employee records which often contain social security numbers and customer information from charge receipts. Corporate Data Breaches A corporate data breach is when a corporations protected and confidential information is copied, viewed or stolen by someone who is unauthorized to obtain the information. The information can be personal or financial including names, addresses, telephone numbers, social security numbers, personal health information, banking information, credit history, and more. Once this information has been released, it will likely never be recovered and the individuals affected are at an increased risk of having their identities stolen.   Pretexting Pretexting is the practice of obtaining someones personal information using illegal tactics, then selling the information to people who will use it to, among other things,  steal the persons identity, Pretexters may call and claim that they are calling from the cable company and doing a service survey. After exchanging pleasantries, they would ask  about any recent cable problems, and then ask if you mind completing a short survey. They may offer to update your records, including the best time of the day to provide service to you and the obtain  your name, address and telephone number. People will often volunteer information to cheerful, helpful company representatives who are good listeners. Armed with the personal information,  the  pretexter may then decide to  search for public information about you, and learn your age, if you are a homeowner, if you paid your taxes, places that you lived before, and the names of your adult children. They may look at your social media profile to learn about your work history and the college that you attended. They will then call companies you are associated with to gain enough information to get access to your  financial information, health records, and  social security number.

Health Assessment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Health Assessment - Coursework Example oncepts of health promotion, I will take this opportunity to inform the patient that it is important for the close observation of the eye injury, whether minor or major as it has the capability of causing blindness (du Toit et al., 2013). The first step in the assessment will require me taking a precise history from the patient concerning the eye. As a nurse, I would take this opportunity to educate the patient on the variety of methods of ensuring minimal damage to the eye in the case of an injury and the immediate actions to take in the case of an injury. Other aspects of the assessment of the eye would include the valuation of the general physical, behavioral, and emotional state of the patient (Dunt et al., 2014). A measure of the visual acuity of the patient is also important in determining the clarity of the eye. I would explain all these procedures o the patient and also their importance for the purpose of allowing the patient to have more keenness in his health and status of the eye. Explaining to the patient the condition of his ear and how the ear is supposed to operate is one of the ways in which I would incorporate health promotion concepts when performing an assessment of the ear. This information would help the patient have the ability to recognize further problems with the ear in the near future. The purpose is to provide the patient with the ability of taking care of his own ear and prevent it from harm. In the shift assessment, I would ensure I disclose to the patient my purpose of the activity and also its importance for the purpose of enabling the patient understand the plan of care that would be admissible to him in order to cure his ear (Jarvis, 2015). While assessing the functioning of each ear, it is important to let the patient know of the purpose of this operation. The patient can later perform these tests while at home in order to keep track of the progress of the health of the ear. This includes explaining such assessment procedures

What is the optimal dosage of vitamin D supplementation necessary for Research Paper

What is the optimal dosage of vitamin D supplementation necessary for pregnant women - Research Paper Example ditionally, vitamin D is acquired when one exposes their skin to the sunlight and ultraviolet rays that strike the skin triggering the synthesis of the vitamin. For pregnant mothers, this vitamin is quite essential, not only for their welfare, but also for the well-being of their unborn babies. This is because of the numerous benefits that are achieved from the consumption of vitamin D, such as, the maintenance of adequate serum calcium and phosphate concentrations in the body. This, in turn, allows for the attainment of normal bone mineralization, and prevention of conditions such as hypocalcaemia among pregnant women and their offspring (Perampalam, Ganda, Chow, Opie, Hickman, Shadbolt & Nolan, 2011). Pregnant women who are vitamin D deficient place their unborn offspring and themselves at risk for developing serious health complications. Based on a study by the US National Institute of Health, the presence of sufficient vitamin D in the body of a pregnant woman has been found to augment the development of her bones, and remodel her osteoclasts and osteoblasts. If she is vitamin D deficiency for an extensive period, the bones and body frame of a pregnant woman may become brittle, thin, and misshapen. According to Mohamed, Rowan, Fong & Loy (2014), vitamin D deficiency among infants is determined by the maternal status of vitamin D in the second trimester. For the fetus, a deficiency in the supply of vitamin D into their bodies may result in them developing diseases such as rickets upon being born. The metabolism of vitamin D takes place during the last trimester in which the bone mass is enhanced. Vitamin D is indispensable for the mineralization of the fetal skeletons and is a major contributor to the attainment of an increased bone mass (Wagner & Greer, 2008). According to a study by Haliloglu et al., (2011), bone turnover in pregnant women and infants is enhanced with the increased consumption of vitamin D3 supplementation (Mithal & Kalra, 2014). The

Why Did The Soviet Union Collapse?

Why Did The Soviet Union Collapse? More than two decades have passed since the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics disappeared from the world political stage. Starting with 1985, the internal situation of the Soviet Union, as well as its international status, began to experience breathtakingly fast and radical change, which eventually led to its collapse in 1991, event probably commemorated today only by Vladimir Putin, who describes it as the greatest geopolitical catastrophe of the century (annual state-of-the-nation address to Parliament,  Moscow, April the 29th, 2005, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty). The are many controversial debates about the actual reasons that caused the collapse of the vast Soviet Empire, but one thing is certain: they cannot be reduced to one single factor, as for an historical event of such calibre to happen, it took the interaction of many factors, producing a set of circumstances that made the change urgent and inevitable. In the following essay, I shall present and argue the main fact ors that contributed to and can be described as reasons for the end of the Soviet Union. To begin with, we are talking about a disintegration process with different origins and extremely intense dynamics. The systemic involution had actually begun in February 1956, when Nikita Khrushchev struck the deadly blow against the myth of Stalins inerrability (February 25, 1956: Khrushchevs Secret Speech, denouncing Stalins abuses). It was followed by other disillusions, which would undermine the myths of the irreversibility and invincibility of the communist order. The economic problems of the USSR were asking for desperate measures, the society was becoming more and more corrupt, harsh, and inefficient, the sole existence of the USSR as a union was starting to be questioned. After the removal of Khrushchev from power in 1964, Leonid Brezhnev was appointed his successor. The economic crisis that engulfed the Soviet Union and the majority of the socialist states in the 1970s spread to the following decade. The reform surrogates consecutively introduced by the communist leaders failed to optimize the economy and release tension in social relations. The soviet socialism model proved to be completely inadequate, considering that the world was about to enter as Jeremy Rifkin calls it the third industrial revolution. Yuri Andropov (1982-1984) appeared to be trying to put into practice a reform policy, but was confronted by the inflexibility of the superior political structures and resistance from the bureaucratic system installed by Brezhnev. But shortly after the death of Konstantin Cernenko, on March the 11th 1985, in Moscow, a new leader emerged, animated by reforming ideas, under the aegis of Mikhail Gorbachev. The Soviet Union was confronting grave issues at the time Gorbachev took over, and they were all exacerbated by the immense quantum of military expenditures. The new General Secretary was quite cautious at the beginning, apparently proving to be consequent to his predecessors, but he then rapidly proceeded to consolidating his power, replacing, in a few weeks time, much of the governing team, and casting away his main rivals. This was meant to pave the way to Gorbachevs reforms. It started with the Central Committee plenum of the CPSU in April 1985, where Gorbachev brought forward the principles of the policy he intended to put into practice in the Soviet Union, in an attempt to save the communist system by implementing a slow liberalizing process that would lead to the abolition of the systems most heinous features, without destroying its ideological fundaments. That policy bears the name of perestroika, or restructuring. In his vision, the soviet system had deviated from the Leninist theory, and needed a reorganization based on reforming the political and economic systems, and improving the system of social relations, above all economic (Kommunist, no. 5, 1985, as cited in Sakwa, R., 1999, The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Union, London and New York: Routledge, p.424). The main goal of perestroika was to demolish the consequences of the Brezhnev era (famously described as an era of economic stagnation), so Gorbachev decided to adopt a strategy of rapid accel eration (uskorenie) in the rate of growth, confident of the command economys potential to deliver it (Acton, E. and Stableford T., 2007, The Soviet Union: A DOCUMENTARY HISTORY, vol. 2: 1939-1991, Exter: University of Exter Press, p. 384). Applying this concept relied entirely on the support of the society, but conscious of the obstacles standing in his way, the soviet leader took a set of measures in order to stop the nomenclature who would have wanted to prevent these reforms from happening. A general view of this vision could be summarized in this extract from Gorbachev, M. S., 1987, PERESTROIKA: New Thinking for Our Country and the World, London: Collins, p. 66: I am pleased that theres a growing understanding, both within the Party and in the society as a whole, that we have started an unprecedented political, economic, social and ideological endeavour. If we are to implement everything we have planned, we must also carry out unprecedented political, economic, social and ideological work in both the internal and external spheres. Above all, we bear an unprecedented responsibility. And we are aware of the need for large-scale and bold efforts, especially at the first stage. In any case, the contradictions and limits of perestroika prevented the political system from being reformed. Therefore, there was a radical difference between what the initiator of the reforms wanted and what the final result was. Another important component of the reforming policy Gorbachev was introduced in 1986, and is called glasnost (openness), which meant gradually abolishing censorship, introducing political transparency and freedom of the media, which was a gate to elucidating the problems that were blocked, or remained unsolved for decades. The freedom a person had to publicly express a point of view which, not many years ago, would have had him deported in gulags (or even sentenced to death, in Stalins time), became an ordinary right thanks to glasnost. Soviet newspapers could criticize the government policy, the CPSU, and even Gorbachev himself. Yet remarkable were the results of perestroika in the external relations. He was convinced that this program could not be fulfilled unless the countrys international relations radically changed. Indeed, the USSR started redrawing its essential external policy. Together with his External Affairs Minister, Eduard Shevardnadze, Gorbachev managed to practically revolutionize the soviet external policy, enjoying great sympathy around the world. He introduced a new political thinking, based on a few components: external policy no longer needed to be reasoned and led through the ideological factor; the conflict between the 2 superpowers, USSR and USA, was non-productive, and military power did not automatically guarantee national security; the soviet state needed to revise its external objectives. Signing an agreement with China on the issue of the oriental borderline, his propositions to limit nuclear and conventional armaments, and drawing off his troops in Afghanistan, made Gorbachev loo k like a man who was promising peace. Furthermore, at the European Council in Strasbourg, he admitted that there is no such thing as an unchangeable social system, and suggested that such transformations could occur in Eastern Europe. This signal was also received in Eastern European states, not only in the West. His declaration was widely interpreted as a green light to the reformers in Eastern Europe, in their efforts to implement a democratic system and a market economy, but especially, it dispelled the fear of the intervention of the Big Brother (the name Hà ©là ¨ne Carrà ¨re dEncausse gives to the Soviet Union) to end the reforms. Another important step in the democratization of the USSR was made in 1989, with the election of a new Soviet Parliament, the Congress of Peoples Deputies. These were not free elections like the ones in the West, taking into consideration that 90% of the candidates were members of the CPSU and other political parties were strictly forbidden. But these elections offered the people the possibility to choose their candidates, and the vote counting had been correctly done. It was definitely the closest thing to democratic elections since 1917. Yet despite the radical reforms adopted in the USSR, no one anticipated the fundamental changes that were about to happen in Eastern Europe between 1989 and 1991. Poland was the first country in Eastern Europe where Gorbachevs perestroika and glasnost turned into an anticommunist revolution. The non-violent Polish break-up with a totalitarian regime was made possible by the existence of both governing and opposition elites, who understood the necessity of such a compromise. The final closure of the communist era in postwar Poland was done in December 1990, with the election of Lech Walesa as president. The Polish events in 1988-1989 had a substantial impact on the entire region. Hopes were reborn in Hungary, as in the spring of 1990, elections were held and won by the Democratic Forum, which led to overthrowing the communist power through the will of the people. In Czechoslovakia, the collapse of the communist regime was done by what the historians and public opinion know as The Velvet Revolution. Active opposition became visible since early 1989, when demonstrations were held throughout the country, and just as expected, democratic forces would take over later that year. The regime collapse in East Germany came as a natural consequence of the events rapidly taking place in the soviet bloc. In late October and early November 1989, hundreds of thousands of protesters went out on the streets of East German cities, demanding their rights. On November the 9th, the Berlin Wall, the main symbol of both German separation and the Cold War, was demolished. In Bulgaria, in December 1989, the communist leader T. Jivkov was arrested and the Communist Party changed its name into the Bulgarian Socialist Party, as a symbolic break-up from the Leninist dogmas. In Romania, unlike other countries in the soviet bloc, communism was overthrown through a violent, open fight. The lack of real opposition within the Communist Party made a peaceful transition impossible. The revolution first started in a city in Western Romania, and was first repressed by the secret police. But a second revolutionary wave broke out on December the 20th, which eventually spread out across the country, breaking the psychological barrier. First encountering militia and army resistance, the huge crowds managed to take over, forcing the Ceausescu dictatorial couple to flee. The communist dictator and his wife were captured, an improvised Court charged them with genocide and impairment of national economy, and the two were finally executed on the Christmas Day in 1989. 1990 was the year in which increasing social convulsion started to lead towards questioning perestroika, as an effect of the resurgence of national consciousness in all the Soviet Republics and satellite states, a factor which Gorbachev had not predicted in his plan to redress the Soviet Union. Interethnic confrontations arose in all the Soviet Republics, and national conflicts were threatening the cohesion of the USSR. Lithuania proclaimed its independence in March 1990. It was shortly followed by Estonia, Latvia, Georgia and Armenia. Other Republics proclaimed themselves sovereign: The Russian Federation, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Moldova, Byelorussia, and Ukraine. The laws of the USSR were no longer obeyed, and the leaders of the republics were demanding that the recruits should no longer be incorporated in the Soviet Army. Aware of the danger, Gorbachev proposed, in February 1990, a new treaty that was to establish a confederation, in order to avoid secession. The Congress of Peoples Deputies approved the project for a referendum on keeping the Union. The instauration of a new presidential power weighed significantly in the rapid evolution of the national problem. However, on August the 19th 1991, in Moscow, a group of conservative members of the Politburo who were against the reformation processes, launched what is known today as The August Coup, with the intention of removing Gorbachev from power, but eventually failed. The coup strengthened Boris Yeltsins position as elected President of the RSFSR (Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic) and leader of the democratic forces, and weakened Gorbachevs position. Finally, Gorbachevs desperate endeavors to transform the Soviet Union into the Union of Sovereign States, to organize new elections, to rescue his power, ended in failure. The Republics proclaimed their independence after August 1991. On December the 8th 1991, near Minsk, the Presidents of RSFSR, Ukraine and Byelorussia signed an agreement dissolving the Soviet Union and forming the Commonwealth of Independent States. In these given conditions, on December the 25th 1991, Mikhail Gorbachev would resign from the position of president of a state that no longer existed. The Soviet Union officially ceased to exist starting with December the 31st 1991, 69 years after its establishment. All in all, my view is that the economic backwardness of the USSR, the failure to effectively implement reforms (reforms which, paradoxically, led to its destruction), the loss of the arms race, and not least, nationalism, formed the main factors that determined the collapse of the Soviet Union. The dismantling of the Empire can be interpreted as an unhappy implosion, deriving from profound internal causes, from the inability of communism to build a viable economy. And the germs of the implosion had laid right in the theses of Gorbachevs brilliant by some, a non-sense by others perestroika, in his political actions, as the leader himself is the one who drove the first nails into the coffin, when he demanded the abrogation of article six of the USSR Constitution, which guaranteed the CPSUs supremacy. Gorbachev tried this way to transfer the political power to the Soviets, angering the elder conservative activists. Also, 1989 was the year that practically switched on the genetic immu ne system of captive nations. The long-dispraised nationalism was the explosive that dashed the Empire of proletarian internationalism to the ground. And yet, the revolution did not fail, considering that we cannot talk about a revolution that is totally triumphant. All the founding myths of that system based on the quasi-religious cult of the single party were shaken, and finally collapsed.

Is Balochistan the New Bangladesh?

THESIS STATEMENT: Despite the similar unfair treatment towards Balochistan, like Bangladesh; Balochistan is not the same situation as Bangladesh. Ever since Pakistan came into being it has faced numerous challenges, some of which have been crucial to overcome in light of its handicapped economy, and lack of a headstrong goverment. A very crucial point along these years has been the loss of East Pakistan, now Bangladesh, which revolted against the government of Pakistan due to unfair treatment of their people and gained independence for themselves with the help of the Indian Army, when matters were beyond bad.The case in discussion here is the recent turmoil in Balochistan; their lack of autonomy, lack of security, and extraction of resources. Does that make Balochistan the next Bangladesh? According to the following analysis, not so much. Social Similarities: The cry for independence in East Pakistan that led to the formation of Bangladesh started from the language riots. When East P akistan, which made up 60 percent of Pakistan’s population, was denied their right to Bengali being the national language; they became infuriated since most people there couldn’t speak Urdu or English very well.This need for their language brought about the start of the Bengali nationalism. The angry Bengalis of East Pakistan started rioting massively, fighting for their language; hence uniting the youth and the students towards one cause and starting the Bengali Nationalist Movement. The nationalism in Bengalis and their protests towards the wrong being done to them in other ways such as politically and economically brought about their first cry for independence.Similarly in Balochistan, the exploitation of their people, the atrocities done to them, and unfair conditions has led to the Balochistan Nationalist Movements. Organizations like BLA (Balochistan Liberation Army), BRA (Balochistan Republican Army), and BLF (Balochistan Liberation Fund) are all working towards supporting Baloch nationalism and fighting for their rights. Even though the cause of this nationalism in Balochistan does not have much to do with language, the fact that this nationalism has evolved and is now pressing the Balochis towards wanting independence, is a striking similarity etween Balochistan and Bangladesh. It can be said that this nationalism is what is driving both Balochis and Bengalis towards the larger picture of wanting independence. Differences: Even though socially Bangladesh and Balochistan are similar with their nationalism standing high and above, there are a lot of social differences that keep them apart from falling under the same situation. In Bangladesh, the Bengalis were a lot more united as a whole.Since the beginning Bengalis never wanted to be divided, but when they were done so against their will and then given to a federation that didn’t allow its language, agitation had built up amongst the Bengalis. This nationalism amongst them was very uniting, and helped them in the later years when they faced other unfair conditions politically and economically. So the fact that their leader Sheikh Mujib Ur Rehman and their different Nationalist movements led by the students were very united in their goals made their nationalism even stronger.It can be said that those leading the protests in Bangladesh wanted the goodwill of all the Bengalis and wanted their voice heard. However, in Balochistan that unity is seen missing. Historically, Balochistan was a large land mass which had different tribes living together, divided into borders, each on their own. Balochistan as a primordial ethnicity never existed. The Mughals had first set up Kaalat, with a king/emperor given the title of ‘Khan’. Slowly, five different states were set up in Balochistan, each with their own leader.Later on when Pakistan came into being, these 5 states were still pretty much separate without a larger name of a geo political entity. The name Ba lochistan was given to these tribes’ years after they had been a part of Pakistan, in 1971 when Balochistan was made a province. Slowly and gradually the political issues started tearing the Balochis into protesting for their rights. Since the tribes had been divided and appointed Sardars/chiefs to rule them, these Sardars started manipulating their own Balochi people into getting the government to fulfill their demands.Hence the Sardars would light up a fire, the people would start riots and the Government of Pakistan would pay them to calm them down. This continued until the Balochis backfired on their own Sardars and kicked them out of Balochistan. In light of this, it can be said that Balochistan isn’t very united in its cry for independence/autonomy. The different organizations working for the Balochistan Nationalist Movement don’t work together, since they come from different families and have different agendas of their own.The Balochis were led down by th eir own Sardars who should have been holding them together and protecting them, but instead they were not willing to put aside their own agendas, goals and conflicts; this made the different Sardars stand against one another and not come together to stand for a larger cause for their people. Hence Balochistan is way different from Bangladesh in the sense that it lacks Bangladesh’s unity and strength that came from their union in Nationalism. Economical Similarities: Balochistan and Bangladesh both present one similarity, which is economical neglect from the rest of Pakistan.When Bangladesh was East Pakistan, it formed 60% of Pakistan’s population; however, resources were put more towards the establishment of West Pakistan, as compared to East Pakistan. Hence, East Pakistan was always economically ignored and not given higher weightage in line of the fact that they formed a larger portion of Pakistan. Resources were taken from East Pakistan and put to the betterment of West Pakistan; later in the years Ayub Khan’s industrialization plan, which was the golden age of Pakistani Capitalism, also involved setting up industries in West Pakistan, instead of East Pakistan.In the very same manner, Balochistan is also being economically neglected. Even though Balochistan is a desert and is largely barren, that does not mean that it lacks its fair share of natural resources. The land of Balochistan contains natural resources like Sui Gas and Rico Diq, which are worth hundreds of billions of dollars making it one of the world’s potentially richest regions. Yet, the people of Balochistan live in poverty, deprived of clean drinking water, education, and the natural gas that their own land pumps to the rest of Pakistan.This makes it a similar target of extraction of resources and lack of constructive attention, just like Bangladesh was. Geo Strategic Differences: Even though similar in the unfair treatment they received economically, Both Banglades h and Balochistan are different from one another from a geo strategic point of view. Talking about Balochistan, it is the largest land mass of Pakistan, is full of natural resources like oil, gas, coal, gold and many other precious materials and minerals, which are largely valuable to Pakistan.It plays a very important role on the foreign affairs of Pakistan by sharing borders with Iran, and Afghanistan. Protected by the surrounding Arabian Sea as well as mountainous ranges, Balochistan is connected to CARs through the Chaman Pass. Countries like China take interest in developing the Gawadar port in Balochistan; whereas the US also has immense interest in Balochistan’s large land mass; hence its unique geo strategic position is very important for Pakistan.Bangladesh on the other hand was never much important for Pakistan from a geo strategic point of view. Since East Pakistan was thousands of miles away from West Pakistan, with a large mass of enemy territory in between; Bang ladesh never held any geo strategic importance. Moreover, Bangladesh didn’t have the billions of dollars worth of resources, neither did it have any importance to the US which further decreased its geographical importance for Pakistan. The US never held any interest in East Pakistan, since they didn’t sign SEATO, which was a strategic treaty.The geographical importance of Balochistan makes it a lot more valuable for Pakistan, also since if Pakistan loses Balochistan, it basically losses its majority land area, as well as disrupts relations with its connecting countries. However, Bangladesh didn’t hold any such importance and it was always an understood fact that losing Bangladesh would be a lot easier, if ever there was an enemy attack. Political Similarities: Bangladesh was a victim of political instability from Pakistan’s end since the very beginning.The reason Bangladesh and Balochistan want away from Pakistan is the unfair treatment they have received . This unfair treatment varies greatly between the two, but brings them under the same light in the manner that it is highly uncalled for. Bangladesh was always denied its fair share of representation as East Pakistan, similarly Balochistan isn’t given any autonomous power to control its own province; the provincial government in Balochistan has been made highly handicapped with the little power it is granted. Differences:Politically, both Bangladesh and Balochistan fall under unfair treatment; however, the political situations in both areas are very different. When Bangladesh was still East Pakistan, the largest political problem it faced was the fact that it wasn’t granted the political representation in the government that it rightfully deserved, seeing that it was the majority area of Pakistan. From the day Pakistan was formed, till the years that followed, it was obvious that with the government being based in West Pakistan, The majority would be controlled by the minority. In his article Bangladesh: why it happened?G. W. Choudhary writes, â€Å"Pakistan began its political career under a parliamentary system modeled on Westminster and under a federal constitution. But neither the parliamentary system nor the federation was genuine. The constitutional forms and trappings of democracy only provided a cloak for rule by the few who were able to concentrate power in their own hands. During eleven years (1947-58) of so called parliamentary democracy, there was not a single general election, and the provincial elections were described and ‘a farce, mockery and a fraud upon the electorate’. In light of this it can further be explained how East Pakistan never received its fair share of representation in the government. Moreover, there were denied their rightful power when their political party, Awami League won the elections in 1970-71. From the years that followed from 1947, when Pakistan was formed, till 1971, when Bangladesh was for med; East Pakistan was never given its fair share, neither in the army, nor in the government.Hence they were always politically weak despite the fact that there was immense unity amongst their own organizations and political parties, working for the Bengalis. It must be noted that East Pakistan was always politically united amongst its own people; as in there weren’t sub divided feuds amongst the Bengalis that kept them politically at par with each other. In Balochistan this unity was missing. Since Balochistan had never been a single, united political entity; the Sardars were divided in their ambitions and had a tone of feuds amongst themselves.These caused the biggest political weakness of Balochistan. Even though just like Bangladesh, Balochistan never got the representation in army, or government that it asked for; what differentiates the two is the fact that Balochistan fell victim to its own internal feuds. In his article Balochistan is no Bangladesh, Sushant Sareen de scribes this as, â€Å"The trouble is that while many of the tribal Sardars, in their hearts ight be supportive of the Baloch cause, or are being forced by public sentiment as well as the circumstances on the ground to pay lip-service to the aspirations of the Baloch people (for example, Akhtar Mengal insisting on a dialogue with the Pakistani authorities under the aegis of the UN), they are not willing to put aside their personal egos in the service of Baloch nationalism. Their personal ambitions, feuds, rivalries, a desire to be one-up on their fellow Sardars makes it impossible for all of them to come together for the larger cause of their people. † Hence their leadership issues form a major political drawback for Balochistan.Another major political issue that separates Balochistan from being the next Bangladesh is the high importance of anarchy in Balochistan. Even though the legal constitution doesn’t allow for there to be a Jirga system that prevails in Balochist an; but since the judiciary is weak and Balochis don’t trust it, they turn to the Jirga system. Since the Pakistan government never did anything substantial to stop this Jirga system, it has deep rooted itself amongst Balochistan, turning it into anarchy in the name of democracy. This has given way to the Balochistan game.Different countries have come and started to set up their roots in Balochistan trying to take it over. MILITARY Similarities: On 25th March, 1971, Operation Searchlight was started; where six brigades of Pak Army moved into East Pakistan and arrested workers; people of East Pakistan were sexually assaulted by the army and were left crippling while their governor Sheikh Mujeed Ur Rehman was arrested. East Pakistan suffered sexual, physical, and psychological torture at the hands of their country’s army. Similarly, people in Balochistan have suffered and are still suffering at the hands of the Pakistan army.Missing people cases are on the high, bodies a re found lying around after days of waiting and the torture just doesn’t seem to stop. This forms part of the major problems of Balochistan, which is not enough security. Even though this similarity of torture at the hands of the army remains, there's no denying the fact that its intensity in Balochistan is far greater than that in Bangladesh. In light of all the above mentioned similarities and differences, a conclusion can be reached about whether or not Balochistan is going to be the next Bangladesh.Despite the fact that the similarities remain, making it look like the same way nationalism and nationalist movememnts were a start towards the larger independence of Bangladesh, Balochistan remains a different situation. It’s safe to say that Balochistan is no Bangladesh. That statement lies on the fact that the problem of Balochistan is beyond that of unfair treatment by the government. Balochistan faces what is a severe case of lack of unity, unlike Bangladesh which w as always a lot more united in its attempt to gain independence.Balochistan is a case of crippled inner politics, encouraged by the Pakistani government that further weakens it towards not being able to gain anything substantial. BIBLIOGRAPHY: * http://www. chowrangi. com/why-balochistan-is-burning. html * http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/History_of_Bangladesh#Creation_of_Pakistan * http://www. jstor. org/discover/10. 2307/2613440? uid=2129;uid=2;uid=70;uid=4;sid=21101363476631 * http://www. thedailystar. net/forum/2011/December/on. htm * http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Bengali_Language_Movement http://bangladeshwatchdog. blogspot. com/2012/02/bangladesh-and-now-balochistan. html * http://idsa. in/idsacomments/BalochistanisnoBangladesh_ssareen_190110 * http://www. defence. pk/forums/strategic-geopolitical-issues/165565-balochistan-pakistan-s-second-bangladesh. html * http://blogs. thenews. com. pk/blogs/2012/02/saving-balochistan/ * http://www. nation. com. pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-d aily-english-online/columns/03-Oct-2012/the-balochistan-plan * http://www. bangladeshfirst. com/docdetails. php? cid=9;docid=1

Impact of Industrial Revolution on International Trade Essay

Prior to unfolding of the events in the 18th century the interlinkages of increasingly global world, stirred agrarian and rural societys. In particular, the families had begun to produce surplus and buying new commodities, which were hitherto, considered luxuries. This era of industrious revolution laid the foundation for the industrial revolution. The trade in this time to Europe was mainly spices from India, silk and porcelain from China and inspite of silver flowing in from Americas kept the balance in favour of the East. The capital and labour requirements were not intensive and the mercantile activities were primarily housed in the guilds. This essay attempts to understand how the industrial revolution impacted the commerce The†¦show more content†¦The earliest factories in England came up by the 1730s and, with the technology enabled production processes like carding, twisting, spinning and rolling became faster and easier consequentially, between 1760 and 1787 raw cotton imports to British cotton industry rose from 2.5 million pounds to 22 million pounds. On the contrary, the traditional market of cotton cloth from India witnessed a steady decline from 30 per cent around 1800 to 15 per cent by 1815 and to 3 percent in 1870s. While exports of cloth declined rapidly, export of raw materials increased equally fast. Between 1812 and 1871, the share of raw cotton exports rose from 5 per cent to 35 per cent. This was not something triggered by the industrial revolution but the protectionist measures of the British t which imposed tariffs on cloth imports. The creation of cotton mill by Richard Arkwright brought processes under one roof and management, allowing better supervision, quality control, and the regulation of labour. Thus not only the trade the way business of production was handled also underwent a quantum change. After 1840s, the exports of iron and steel industry from Britain increased exponentially, with the expansion of railways, in England from the 1840s and in the colonies from the 1860s. By 1873 Britain was exporting iron and steel worth about  £ 77 million, double the value of its cotton export. However, this should be noted that industrialisation did not replace the traditional trade, even at theShow MoreRelatedEcon 515 Essay765 Words   |  4 PagesZulu? Were they able to successfully settle the interior? Why or why not? 3. List 3 positive impacts on standards of living due to industrialization. List 3 negative consequences of industrialization. Did British Standards of Living rise 1800-1850? Why or Why not? 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